Programs

Aristotle's Theory of Akrasia: Understanding the 'Incontinent Person'

This research delves into Aristotle's concept of 'akrasia,' or incontinence, as presented in his Nicomachean Ethics. Akrasia describes the tendency to act against one's better judgment due to desire. The paper aims to interpret Aristotle's arguments on this topic and explore its philosophical significance. The central question is how akratic actions occur, particularly given the assumption that rational agents do not willingly perform actions they know to be bad. Aristotle's approach involves a linguistic analysis of terms like 'knowing' and 'being ignorant' to understand the state of knowledge of an incontinent person at the moment of action. The research distinguishes between different types of incontinent individuals and clarifies the role of desire in temporarily clouding rational judgment. Ultimately, the study argues that Aristotle's focus on the character of the incontinent person, rather than solely on the act itself, offers valuable insights into the 'entrenchment of bad character.' It suggests that repeated actions against one's principles can lead to a loss of self-control, highlighting the importance of consistent virtuous behavior.