Programs

A Survey of Active Learning for Quantifying Vegetation Traits from Terrestrial Earth Observation Data

This study explores the use of Active Learning (AL) techniques to improve the analysis of Earth Observation (EO) data for monitoring vegetation. As satellite data streams increase, efficient methods are needed to translate this data into useful information about vegetation properties. The research focuses on hybrid retrieval approaches, which combine physical models (Radiative Transfer Models) with machine learning algorithms. AL can help by intelligently selecting the most informative data samples for training these algorithms. The paper summarizes AL theory, reviews its application in EO, and presents a case study demonstrating how AL can enhance the accuracy and speed of estimating vegetation traits like leaf pigment and water content. The findings suggest that AL-based sampling is a valuable method for optimizing regression accuracy, reducing processing time, and facilitating data analysis for vegetation monitoring.

AgroEcological Transitions: Changes and Breakthroughs in the Making

This publication explores the dynamic field of agroecological transitions, focusing on system innovations, knowledge regimes, and design practices essential for sustainable agriculture. It stems from the second 'System Innovation towards Sustainable Agriculture' (SISA) workshop, held in Paris in 2014, which brought together researchers and practitioners to share insights and experiences. The collection of papers examines various approaches to analyzing and governing sustainability transitions in agriculture. It aims to provide a basis for effective strategies that can stimulate the development of more sustainable agro-food systems. The work considers diverse agricultural sub-sectors and emerging innovations, investigating how different actors can influence these transitions.

Analysis of Reservoir and Steam Flow Data in Olkaria Domes Geothermal Field, Kenya

This research focuses on the performance of the Olkaria Domes Geothermal Field in Kenya, examining reservoir conditions and steam production between 2019 and 2023. The study specifically analyzes key wells that supply power to Olkaria IV, Olkaria V, and nearby wellhead power plants. Data indicates stable wellhead pressures and discharge enthalpies, typical for a high-temperature geothermal system, with reinjection rates helping to maintain reservoir pressure. However, the research also identified signs of cooling and dilution in certain wells, evidenced by decreased enthalpy and silica concentrations. This suggests that the colder fluids being reinjected may be encroaching into the reservoir. The study utilized discharge test data and pressure logging to analyze mass flow rates, pressure trends, and thermodynamic conditions. The findings highlight the critical need for ongoing monitoring of the geothermal reservoir and optimizing reinjection strategies. These measures are essential to prevent long-term pressure depletion and thermal degradation, ensuring the sustained supply of steam and the long-term viability of geothermal energy production at the Olkaria Domes field.

Climate Change Adaptation Policy Landscape, Institutional Arrangements, and Implementation in South Africa

This program focuses on the policy, institutional, and implementation aspects of climate change adaptation within South Africa. It examines the landscape of policies and governance structures at international, national, provincial, and local levels, aiming to build climate resilience and integrate adaptation strategies into development planning. The curriculum delves into understanding climate change impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities, and explores the mechanisms for mobilizing resources and fostering coordination across various sectors and government spheres. It also addresses the role of research, capacity building, and international cooperation in achieving South Africa's climate adaptation goals and meeting its global commitments. The program explores the evolution of climate change policy in South Africa, from early responses and international engagements to the development of comprehensive strategies like the National Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (NCCAS). It highlights the importance of a coordinated, multi-governance response, involving local government, sectoral policies, and national frameworks. The program also considers the legislative underpinnings, such as the Climate Change Bill, and their role in enabling a just transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient economy and society. Ultimately, this program seeks to equip participants with the knowledge and understanding to contribute effectively to the implementation of climate change adaptation measures, enhancing resilience, and ensuring sustainable development in the face of a changing climate.

CRISP: Satellite Data for Global Rice Climate Resilience and Food Security

CRISP (Consistent Rice Information for Sustainable Policy) is a digital mapping platform designed to provide global, timely, and detailed information on rice production using Earth Observation data. It addresses the need for consistent and spatially granular production data, which is often delayed and may not fully account for climate events. Developed by a consortium including sarmap and IRRI, CRISP builds on the success of the RIICE service, which has been piloted in various rice-growing regions across Asia, Africa, and South America for over 12 years. The platform leverages multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and -2 satellite data to generate seasonal rice maps. This data supports governments, international organizations, and the private sector in making informed decisions regarding rice production. CRISP offers a dynamic, user-driven analysis approach, moving beyond static reporting to provide actionable intelligence.

Developing a framework for assessing the impact of geothermal development phases on ecosystem services

This research proposes a framework to assess the impact of different phases of geothermal energy development on ecosystem services. Geothermal energy is a prioritized renewable energy source in Indonesia due to its availability and low carbon emissions. However, its development often faces challenges, including location in high-risk volcanic areas and potential conflicts with local communities and protected zones. Each stage of geothermal development—exploration, construction, operation, and decommissioning—has distinct environmental effects. This paper aims to spatially measure these impacts using Geographic Information System (GIS) to inform national spatial planning and improve decision-making processes. The study emphasizes the need for an integrated assessment that considers ecological, socio-economic, and cultural factors, moving beyond traditional environmental impact assessments. It highlights the value of the ecosystem services concept in providing a holistic view of environmental benefits and engaging stakeholders in the assessment process.

Doctoral Candidate - Temporal Integration for High-Tech (Remote) Sensing of Natural and Built Ecosystems

This PhD position at the University of Twente focuses on integrating advanced sensing technologies and Earth system models to address environmental and societal challenges. You will contribute to the understanding and sustainable management of natural and built ecosystems. The project is part of the ITEM initiative, which combines a distributed sensor network, ground observations, and satellite imagery to monitor and model environmental processes. The research aims to develop an explainable, GeoAI-supported framework for integrating observational data with Earth system models. This will lead to more accurate predictions of environmental phenomena like air quality, heat, and drought, supporting evidence-based decision-making for critical societal missions such as sustainable living environments, agriculture, water management, and public health. The University of Twente offers a stimulating, international academic environment with excellent research facilities and a strong commitment to professional development. The Netherlands provides a high quality of life and a welcoming atmosphere for international researchers.

Environmental and Social Sciences Programs

This compilation focuses on PhD opportunities related to social and environmental sciences in the Netherlands. These programs often explore the complex interactions between human societies and the natural environment, aiming to find sustainable solutions for pressing global challenges. Research areas can include environmental policy analysis, climate risk modeling, sustainable development, and the assessment of social and environmental impacts.

Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

This program focuses on providing comprehensive and responsive solutions in Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, specifically tailored to align with the unique priorities and needs of individual nations. The approach emphasizes understanding local contexts to effectively address challenges and opportunities faced by communities. It aims to enhance food security by strengthening rice-based agri-food systems for efficiency and productivity, and to strengthen nutritional security by integrating nutritious rice products. The program also seeks to combat diet-related non-communicable diseases through healthier rice products, and catalyze climate resilience by increasing adaptation to climate change and extreme weather events. Furthermore, it focuses on expanding demand-driven supply to meet evolving consumer demands in various markets and accelerating technology transfer through global and South-South pathways for scaling innovations.

Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) MSc Program

This Master of Science program focuses on the application of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation technologies for understanding and managing the Earth's resources and environment. You will gain expertise in acquiring, processing, analyzing, and interpreting spatial data from various sources, including satellite imagery, aerial photography, and ground-based sensors. The program equips you with the skills to address complex challenges in areas such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, natural resource management, and disaster risk reduction. Through a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical application, you will learn to utilize advanced geospatial tools and techniques. The curriculum emphasizes critical thinking and problem-solving, preparing you to contribute to sustainable development and informed decision-making in a data-driven world. This program is designed for students passionate about leveraging technology to explore and manage our planet.

Geo-information Science and Earth Observation for Disaster Risk Reduction

The Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) at the University of Twente offers postgraduate education focused on applying advanced geo-information science and earth observation technologies. The program aims to equip international students with the knowledge and skills necessary for disaster risk reduction, particularly in developing countries and emerging economies. It emphasizes the use of tools like Remote Sensing and GIS for understanding, monitoring, and predicting natural hazards, assessing risks, and supporting post-disaster recovery efforts. The goal is to foster institutional development and capacity building through the exchange of knowledge and expertise.

Geographical Information Sciences and Earth Observation

This Master's program focuses on the application of geographical information sciences and earth observation techniques to address global challenges. You will gain advanced knowledge and practical skills in spatial analysis, remote sensing, and geoinformatics, enabling you to develop innovative solutions for environmental monitoring, resource management, urban planning, and disaster response. The program integrates theoretical foundations with hands-on experience, using state-of-the-art software and datasets. You will learn to collect, process, analyze, and visualize geospatial data to support informed decision-making in a world facing complex environmental and societal issues. Graduates are prepared for impactful careers in research, government, international organizations, and the private sector, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient future through the power of geospatial technologies.

Geoinformatics

This Master of Science (MSc) program in Geoinformatics focuses on the design, development, and application of geospatial technologies. You will gain a comprehensive understanding of how to collect, process, analyze, and visualize geographical data to solve complex problems in various fields. The program equips you with the skills to manage and interpret spatial information effectively. Throughout the program, you will explore advanced topics such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, spatial databases, and geocomputation. Emphasis is placed on practical application and research, allowing you to develop innovative solutions for challenges in urban planning, environmental management, disaster response, and more. Graduates will be prepared for careers in a wide range of sectors, contributing to the advancement of geospatial science and its applications in a data-driven world.

Global daily 9km remotely sensed soil moisture (2015-2025) with microwave radiative transfer-guided learning

This research presents a global dataset of daily soil moisture at a 9km resolution, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. The dataset was generated using a novel approach that combines microwave radiative transfer modeling with machine learning techniques. This method aims to improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation, which is crucial for understanding terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes. The generated data provides a valuable resource for researchers studying climate, hydrology, agriculture, and environmental management. By offering a consistent and high-resolution view of soil moisture across the globe, this dataset can support a wide range of applications, from drought monitoring to crop yield prediction and carbon cycle studies.

Graduate Research Opportunities in Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

The lab offers opportunities for postgraduate research, focusing on applied remote sensing and the study of threatened marine, coastal, and terrestrial ecosystems. We are particularly interested in projects related to species movement, migration patterns, and biodiversity status assessments. Prospective students are encouraged to develop their own research ideas or select from a list of potential projects. Opportunities are available for Honours, Masters, and PhD research. The lab also supports candidates applying for competitive research fellowships. For those interested in pursuing graduate research, it is recommended to contact Nicholas Murray with a CV and a brief statement of research interests. Further details on PhD scholarships for both domestic and international candidates can be found on the JCU Graduate Research School website.

Integrating Earth Observation, Artificial Intelligence, and Crop Modelling for Maize Yield Estimation in Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya

This research focuses on improving crop yield estimation in smallholder farming systems, particularly in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa where fragmented fields and limited data present challenges. The study proposes an integrated approach that combines Earth Observation (EO) data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and process-based Crop Modelling (CM) to overcome these limitations and enhance yield prediction accuracy in data-scarce environments. The primary goals include assessing the value of high-resolution satellite imagery for understanding variations in smallholder farms, refining crop models with local agricultural and climate data, and developing AI models for scalable yield prediction across different regions. A key aspect involves fusing data from multiple sources, such as satellite imagery, weather records, and ground observations, to build robust models. The research will be validated using field yield data from various agroecological zones in Kenya to ensure the models are reliable and transferable. Ultimately, this research aims to create a validated and scalable framework for estimating crop yields. This framework will support climate-resilient agricultural planning, improve early warning systems for food security, and contribute to digital advisory services tailored for smallholder farmers. By advancing data-driven tools for crop productivity monitoring in under-resourced regions, the study contributes to the broader goal of enhancing food security.

International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC)

The International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC) is part of the University of Twente. The University of Twente focuses on maximizing talent development for its students and staff, fostering pioneering research, relevant innovations, and inspiring education. With over 9,000 students and 3,300 researchers and professionals, the university is dedicated to advancing knowledge and its application. The University of Twente is also known for its entrepreneurial spirit, featuring a thriving campus ecosystem with hundreds of spin-off companies. This environment stimulates and facilitates entrepreneurship, contributing to the development of successful businesses originating from the university's research and innovation efforts.

Investigating the spatio-temporal variability in groundwater and surface water interactions: a multi-technique approach

This research investigates the complex interactions between groundwater and surface water in the Tambo and Nicholson rivers, located in southeast Australia. By employing a combination of scientific techniques, including measurements of radon-222 (222Rn), chloride (Cl) concentrations, flow gauging, head gradients, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature profiles, the study aims to understand how water moves between these two systems. The findings indicate that the amount of groundwater flowing into the Tambo River is influenced by the local topography. Areas with greater variations in elevation show higher groundwater discharge. While methods like chloride mass balance provided lower estimates for groundwater discharge, radon mass balance and differential flow gauging yielded higher results, suggesting complexities such as bank return waters affect the accuracy of different methods. The research also highlights that both rivers are significantly connected to the groundwater system, which responds dynamically to rainfall events. Groundwater contributes a larger proportion to river flow during periods of low flow (baseflow) and a smaller proportion following rainfall.

Master of Science in Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

The Master of Science in Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation is a two-year program focused on utilizing advanced spatial technologies to address global challenges. The program emphasizes the integration of Earth Observation data with other geospatial information to understand and manage environmental and societal issues, particularly within urban environments. It aims to equip students with the skills to analyze complex spatial data for informed decision-making in areas like climate change, urban planning, and resource management.

Master's in Spatial Engineering

Master's Programme Geo-information Science and Earth Observation

This Master's programme in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation equips students with advanced knowledge and skills in collecting, processing, analysing, and managing geographic data. The programme focuses on applying these skills to understand and address critical global challenges related to Earth sciences and environmental management. It offers a strong academic orientation and a distinctive international focus, with opportunities for joint education programmes with international partner institutions. The curriculum provides a comprehensive understanding of geo-information technologies and their applications. Students can choose from various specialisations, allowing them to tailor their studies to specific interests within the broad field of geo-information science and earth observation. The programme aims to prepare graduates for impactful careers in research, government, and the private sector, contributing to sustainable development and informed decision-making.

Mental, Social Impacts of 2021 Ahr Valley Floods in Germany on Older Adults: Vulnerability and Resilience Factors

This research paper explores the significant social and mental health consequences of the 2021 Ahr Valley floods in Germany, specifically focusing on older adults. It investigates the factors that contribute to their vulnerability and resilience in the aftermath of such disasters. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, in-depth interviews, and group discussions with older residents, as well as interviews with healthcare and social service providers. The findings highlight that vulnerability is influenced by various factors including gender, living arrangements, health status, and access to essential services. Older adults experienced difficulties with disrupted healthcare, limited information, delayed financial support, and inadequate preparedness, leading to increased psychological distress and social strain. Conversely, the study identifies key elements that foster resilience, such as strong volunteer engagement, financial aid, accessible mobile and community-based healthcare, and coping strategies that leverage social networks and a sense of place. Ultimately, this research emphasizes that building resilience in older populations post-disaster is not solely about financial resources. It critically depends on the accessibility of services, clear and inclusive communication, and well-coordinated institutional responses. The study advocates for disaster risk reduction strategies that are sensitive to the needs of older individuals and are tailored to specific locations, addressing both underlying vulnerabilities and strengthening community-wide resilience in an aging society.

MSc Earth Sciences

The MSc Earth Sciences program provides a comprehensive understanding of our planet's complex systems. This program integrates various Earth science disciplines to address critical global challenges such as climate change, resource management, and natural hazard assessment. You will gain advanced knowledge and practical skills in analyzing Earth processes, using cutting-edge technologies for data acquisition and interpretation, and developing innovative solutions for a sustainable future. The curriculum is designed to foster critical thinking and research capabilities. Through a combination of theoretical coursework, laboratory work, fieldwork, and a substantial research thesis, you will develop expertise in your chosen specialization within Earth Sciences. The program aims to prepare graduates for impactful careers in research, industry, and public service, equipping them to contribute meaningfully to scientific advancement and societal well-being.