Bachelor's in Arts & Humanities in Canada
Canada offers 140 Bachelor's programmes in Arts & Humanities across 27 universities, providing a wide range of cultural, linguistic, and academic environments from coast to coast. Large research-intensive universities like Simon Fraser University and the University of Western Ontario sit alongside liberal-arts colleges such as St. Francis Xavier University and Trinity Western University, offering smaller-class experiences for students who prefer them.
Annual tuition runs from free (for some scholarship-holders) to roughly €43k, with most Canadian public universities for international students falling in the mid-range. Canadian Mennonite University and Mount Saint Vincent University illustrate the breadth of institution types available, and Canada's welcoming immigration policies — including post-graduation work permits — make it a strategically attractive destination.
Abrahamic Religions (Minor)
A Minor in Abrahamic Religions allows you to customize your undergraduate degree by exploring the interconnectedness of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This program helps you understand the beliefs, traditions, and worldviews of these major religions, placing them within historical and global contexts. It's an opportunity to broaden your perspective by examining religion as a significant historical, social, and human factor.
Aging Studies
Gerontology is the study of aging and the diverse challenges faced by older adults. As global healthcare improves and birth rates fall, the proportion of the world's population that is elderly is rapidly increasing. Mount Saint Vincent University's Aging programs help you understand the dynamics of aging and the health and human service systems that support older individuals. You will learn to recognize issues related to aging and develop a deeper understanding of the field. These programs offer flexible learning environments with diverse student bodies, encouraging peer-to-peer learning through lectures and group discussions. You can pursue a major, honours, combined major, concentration, or minor in Aging, which can complement studies in sociology, psychology, public policy, or women's studies. The curriculum is designed to enhance your interpersonal communication, conflict management, advocacy, analytical, and leadership skills, fostering an understanding of social citizenship.
American Studies (Minor)
A Minor in American Studies offers a focused yet interdisciplinary approach to understanding the United States, examining its society, culture, and history. This program allows you to customize your undergraduate degree by combining it with your major. You will gain insights into key historical events and explore various aspects of American life through a wide range of courses. Courses are offered by departments including English, History, Music, and Political Science, providing diverse perspectives. You can delve into topics such as American literature, the history of jazz, political motivations, and significant social movements. This minor is designed to deepen your understanding of the United States, its people, and the forces that have shaped it.
Ancient History (Minor)
This minor allows you to customize your undergraduate degree by combining disciplines and broadening your studies. You'll explore the foundational ideas, beliefs, and institutions that emerged from the interactions between Greek and Middle Eastern cultures thousands of years ago. This is a journey of discovery into the origins of human history and the ancient Mediterranean world.
Applied Ethics (Minor)
A Minor in Applied Ethics allows you to enhance your undergraduate degree by exploring the ethical dimensions of contemporary issues in health, technology, and environmental concerns. This program is designed to deepen your understanding of ethical theories and equip you with practical reasoning skills to analyze and address real-world problems. By completing this minor, you will develop the ability to make informed ethical decisions, which is increasingly valued across a wide range of professions and academic pursuits.
Applied Linguistics
Applied Linguistics is the study of language and its use in society. Trinity Western University offers diverse and engaging courses designed to equip students with the skills needed to understand and describe languages, including those without a written alphabet. This includes recognizing speech sounds, forming alphabets, analyzing grammars, and understanding systems of meaning and belief, all based on extensive research. The program prepares students for careers in translation, cross-cultural communication, international development (especially literacy programs), speech-language pathology, and teaching English as a second language.
Art
Art and Art History (Honours Bachelor of Arts)
This unique four-year collaborative program allows you to earn both an Honours Bachelor of Arts degree in Art and Art History from the University of Toronto Mississauga (UTM) and a Sheridan advanced diploma. You will study visual arts across different societies and historical periods while developing your own artistic identity. The program combines hands-on studio work at Sheridan with art history courses at UTM, covering a wide range of topics from ancient to contemporary art. You will gain insights into art's role in individual expression and cultural understanding. Graduates leave with a strong portfolio and are prepared for diverse career paths in the arts, education, or further graduate studies.
Art, Performance & Cinema Studies (APCS)
The Art, Performance & Cinema Studies (APCS) program is a Bachelor of Arts degree focused on the historical, theoretical, and critical study of contemporary arts, with a specialization in visual art, performance, and cinema. It uniquely integrates these fields within a vibrant art school environment, offering opportunities to engage with studio-based courses alongside your critical studies. The program exposes you to current developments in the arts and encourages an interdisciplinary approach, viewing artmaking and analysis as interconnected. In the first two years, you will build a foundation in the histories and theories of visual art, performance, and cinema. In your third and fourth years, you can specialize in either art and performance studies or cinema studies. The curriculum includes a wide array of courses covering visual culture, cinema, sound studies, critical theory, research methods, arts writing, and curating, often drawing on the specific expertise of faculty members. APCS offers excellent opportunities for professional development, including an internship course providing hands-on experience with local arts organizations and optional Field Schools in major European art capitals like Berlin and London. The program prepares you for diverse careers in the arts sector or for graduate studies in related fields, while also developing essential transferable skills such as critical thinking, research, and effective communication.
Arts (BA)
Dalhousie University's Bachelor of Arts (BA) program offers an extensive range of over 35 flexible majors, minors, and certificates, supported by hundreds of courses. This program provides unparalleled academic breadth within the region, combining the resources of a large research university with a supportive, smaller college atmosphere. Students are encouraged to explore various disciplines within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, including humanities, social sciences, languages, and performing arts. The program is designed to foster critical thinking, effective communication, and collaborative skills. Students can tailor their studies to their interests, with the option to combine courses from different faculties. The BA degree prepares graduates for a wide array of career paths or further academic pursuits.
Arts and Science BA
The Arts and Science major at Canadian Mennonite University offers an interdisciplinary approach, blending foundational knowledge in sciences like biology, physics, chemistry, and mathematics with the broader inquiry of the liberal arts. This flexible program allows students to combine scientific study with diverse disciplines in the liberal arts, fostering an integrated learning experience. The curriculum is designed to train students to become scholars and citizens capable of engaging productively across both scientific and humanistic fields. CMU's unique liberal arts context provides students with an integrative approach to learning, encouraging them to draw from various areas of study to pursue their academic and professional goals.
BA in French Studies
The Department of French Studies at Western University offers undergraduate programs designed to develop advanced proficiency in the French language, along with a deep understanding of French and Francophone literatures, cultures, and societies. Students can pursue various modules within the French Studies program, including Honors Specialization, Major, and Minor options, as well as a Certificate in Practical French. These programs cater to students interested in becoming fluent communicators, scholars of French culture, or educators in French.
BA Music
Bachelor of Arts
The Bachelor of Arts (BA) program at MacEwan University is designed to provide a broad liberal arts education. It encourages students to explore a variety of academic disciplines within the humanities, sciences, social sciences, analytical studies, language, and literature. This program aims to foster critical thinking, strong communication skills, and the ability to adapt, learn, analyze, problem-solve, and innovate – skills highly valued across many professional sectors.
Bachelor of Arts
The Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree at Thompson Rivers University provides a comprehensive foundation in the liberal arts with a wide array of major and minor specializations. This flexible and innovative program is designed to cultivate essential skills such as critical thinking, communication, teamwork, and leadership. Students have opportunities to engage in undergraduate research, co-operative education (co-op), field schools, and study abroad experiences, allowing them to apply their knowledge in practical, real-world settings.
Bachelor of Arts - Honours in English & Creative Writing
Bachelor of Arts (3-year) General
The Bachelor of Arts (3-year) General program at Athabasca University aims to enhance critical and creative thinking through a diverse range of social, political, and cultural studies. This liberal arts education broadens perspectives on local and global affairs, encourages community involvement, and prepares students for lifelong learning and varied career paths. It is a respected credential in Canada and the United States, suitable for occupational diversity, though not primarily designed for direct entry into graduate-level studies.
Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science Degrees
Mount Saint Vincent University (MSVU) offers a range of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees designed to provide students with specialized education and a foundation for future careers. Located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, these programs cater to diverse interests, from the sciences and business to humanities and social sciences.
Bachelor of Arts and Science
The Bachelor of Arts and Science (BAS) program at Trent University is a unique, interdisciplinary degree designed for students who wish to combine studies across the arts and sciences. It's a flexible program that allows for personalized learning pathways, encouraging students to explore connections between different fields of knowledge. The program is entering its 13th year and offers options for Co-op and a dual degree with Medical Sciences.
Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics
Bachelor of Arts in Biblical Studies
Bachelor of Arts in Cultural Studies
The Bachelor of Arts in Cultural Studies at MSVU is a four-year program designed to help you explore how culture is shaped by and, in turn, shapes society. You will critically examine the meaning of art and culture, focusing on themes like power, social justice, and the socio-political and economic factors influencing cultural production. The program allows you to delve into diverse areas such as film, music, art, visual culture, and critical theory, drawing connections between popular culture, media, and various academic disciplines.
Bachelor of Arts in English & Creative Writing
Bachelor of Arts in French
Bachelor of Arts in General Studies
Bachelor of Arts in History
The History program at Mount Saint Vincent University (MSVU) encourages students to understand the present by examining how people have shaped events and societies in the past. The program explores all facets of recorded human experience, including social relations, cultural expressions, political events, and economic activities, to understand the evolution of human thoughts, actions, and habits over time. Students can choose from various program options, including a major, combined major, minor, concentration, or an honours degree. The university also offers an internship program to provide practical, real-world experience in corporate, government, or non-profit sectors.
Bachelor of Arts in History
Bachelor of Arts in Modern Languages
Bachelor of Arts in Scripture
Bachelor of Arts in Social Studies
Bachelor of Arts in Theology
Bachelor of Arts, Anthropology Major
The Bachelor of Arts (4-year) program at Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a diverse range of social, political, and cultural studies. It provides a flexible education, fostering the development, understanding, and dissemination of knowledge, alongside critical thinking skills. This degree prepares students for lifelong learning, occupational diversity, and most graduate programs. The Anthropology Major specifically provides an in-depth understanding of archaeology, biological anthropology, cultural anthropology, and linguistic anthropology, emphasizing their interrelationships and fostering a comparative and holistic approach to understanding humanity.
Bachelor of Arts, English Concentration
The Bachelor of Arts (3-year) with an English Concentration at Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a broad range of social, political, and cultural studies. This liberal arts education aims to broaden perspectives on local and global affairs, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning and diverse careers. The English concentration specifically focuses on reading and analyzing a wide range of literary works from diverse genres, countries, and historical periods, applying various literary theories, and developing skills in critical thinking, interpretation, and writing. This program is a respected credential in Canada and the United States, providing a highly marketable degree.
Bachelor of Arts, English Major
The Bachelor of Arts (4-year) with an English Major at Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a broad study of social, political, and cultural programs. This liberal arts education aims to broaden perspectives on local and global affairs, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning and diverse career paths. The program emphasizes the analysis of diverse literary works from various genres, countries, and historical periods, utilizing a range of literary theories. Graduates are expected to possess strong analytical and critical thinking skills, preparing them for graduate studies and independent research.
Bachelor of Arts, French Concentration
The Bachelor of Arts (3-year) with a French Concentration at Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a broad liberal arts education. This program aims to broaden perspectives on local and global affairs, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning. Graduates will achieve competence in oral and written French, fostering an awareness of linguistic and cultural differences. The curriculum enables students to read, analyze, and write critical essays in French, understanding stylistic nuances between French and English. This well-respected credential offers occupational diversity.
Bachelor of Arts, French Major
The Bachelor of Arts (4-year) with a French Major at Athabasca University is designed to enhance your critical and creative thinking through a broad education in social, political, and cultural studies. This program specifically cultivates strong competence in oral and written French, enabling effective communication, text analysis, and critical essay writing. You will gain a deep understanding of French language structure, including pronunciation, grammar, reading skills, and vocabulary, alongside a comprehensive knowledge of the literature and culture of France, Quebec, and other Francophone regions. The curriculum also fosters an awareness of stylistic differences between French and English. Upon graduation, you will be equipped to conduct independent research in French language and literature and be well-prepared for most graduate programs. The program aims to broaden your perspective on global affairs, encourage social involvement, and prepare you for lifelong learning and diverse career paths. Athabasca University offers a flexible online learning environment, allowing you to study at your own pace.
Bachelor of Arts, General
Athabasca University's Bachelor of Arts, General program offers a flexible online education where you can explore a wide range of subjects in both the humanities and social sciences. This program is designed for students interested in a broad liberal arts education, allowing you to tailor your studies to your personal interests and schedule. You will develop critical and creative thinking skills through diverse social, political, and cultural studies. The program emphasizes two main areas: the humanities, covering disciplines such as history, languages, literature, philosophy, and religious studies, and the social sciences, including anthropology, global studies, sociology, political studies, and psychology. Additionally, you will take some science courses to ensure a well-rounded academic experience. This three-year online degree allows you to enrol and start courses at any time, with no set start dates or completion time limits.
Bachelor of Arts, History Concentration
The Bachelor of Arts (3-year) with a History Concentration at Athabasca University is designed to enhance your critical and creative thinking through a diverse range of social, political, and cultural studies. This program aims to broaden your perspective on local and global issues, encourage civic engagement, and prepare you for continuous learning and varied career paths. It is a respected credential in Canada and the United States, providing a strong liberal arts foundation for personal and professional growth.
Bachelor of Arts, History Major
The Bachelor of Arts (4-year) with a History Major at Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a broad range of social, political, and cultural studies. This liberal arts education aims to broaden perspectives on local and global affairs, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning and diverse careers. Graduates are expected to develop sufficient analytical and critical thinking skills for independent research in history, and the program fully prepares students for most graduate programs.
Bachelor of Arts, Humanities Major
The Bachelor of Arts (4-year) with a Humanities Major at Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a diverse range of social, political, and cultural programs. This liberal arts education aims to broaden perspectives on local and global affairs, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning and various occupations. Specializing in Humanities, students explore expressions of humanity through culture, literature, art, and philosophy, drawing on disciplines like history, literature, and philosophy. The program equips graduates with strong analytical and critical thinking skills, preparing them for independent research and most graduate programs.
Bachelor of Arts, Labour Studies Major
The Bachelor of Arts (4-year) program at Athabasca University aims to enhance critical and creative thinking through diverse social, political, and cultural studies. It provides a flexible, broad education designed to broaden perspectives, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning and various careers. The Labour Studies Major focuses on the role of labour and working people in society, appealing particularly to trade unionists. The program is structured to prepare graduates for most graduate programs and to develop strong analytical and critical thinking skills for independent research in their chosen major.
Bachelor of Arts, Psychology Concentration
The Bachelor of Arts (3-year) with a Psychology Concentration from Athabasca University is designed to enhance critical and creative thinking through a broad range of social, political, and cultural studies. This program aims to broaden perspectives on local and global affairs, encourage community involvement, and prepare students for lifelong learning and diverse occupations. The Psychology program specifically develops or expands knowledge in the field, providing grounding in foundational psychological science. Graduates gain applicable skills and knowledge for general employment in various fields, including business, management, government research, program evaluation, human services, and law.
Bachelor of Arts, Sociology Concentration
The Bachelor of Arts (3-year) with a Sociology Concentration at Athabasca University is designed to enhance your critical and creative thinking through a diverse range of social, political, and cultural studies. This program aims to broaden your perspective on local and global issues, encourage community engagement, and prepare you for lifelong learning and various career paths. It is a well-regarded qualification in Canada and the United States. The Sociology Concentration specifically introduces students to foundational sociological theories and research methods. You will explore how these skills are applied to contemporary issues such as crime, family studies, environmental concerns, health, technology, and Canadian society. This specialization will encourage you to reflect on your own experiences and critically analyze pressing social and global challenges.
Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) Honours Specialization in Studio Art
The Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) Honours Specialization in Studio Art at Western University offers a comprehensive and intensive program for students passionate about developing their artistic practice. This program provides a deep dive into various studio disciplines, encouraging students to explore their creative potential through hands-on work, critical thinking, and theoretical engagement. Students will develop a strong foundation in artistic techniques, conceptual development, and professional practices within the visual arts. This specialization is designed to foster individual artistic growth, pushing students to refine their skills and articulate their artistic vision. The curriculum balances studio practice with art history and theory, providing a well-rounded education that prepares graduates for a variety of paths in the arts and beyond. Graduates emerge with a refined portfolio, a critical understanding of contemporary art, and the confidence to pursue further studies or a professional career in the arts.
Bachelor of Music
The Bachelor of Music program at MacEwan University is designed for aspiring musicians who want to pursue a career in contemporary popular music. The program covers various genres including jazz, rock, pop, metal, blues, soul, country, electronica, and hip hop, focusing on singing, instrumental performance, songwriting, and recording. Students gain essential skills, insights, and industry connections to succeed as professional musicians, performers, creators, and leaders. The program emphasizes hands-on experience, including the unique opportunity to work with Bent River Records, the university's own record label.
Bachelor of Music in Performance - Voice
The Bachelor of Music in Performance (Voice) program at the University of Toronto offers comprehensive, performance-based training for students aiming for a professional career in music. You'll join a supportive community, hone your skills in small classes, and gain extensive public performance experience. The program is designed for motivated and versatile students passionate about music, who demonstrate potential for growth and are eager to seize opportunities. While focusing on the classical repertoire, there are options to explore other genres like jazz, musical theatre, and popular music.
Bachelor of Music Therapy (BMT)
The Bachelor of Music Therapy (BMT) program at Canadian Mennonite University (CMU) trains you to use music effectively in clinical settings to support mental health, development, and overall quality of life. Combining music, psychology, and neuroscience, this program equips you with the skills needed for professional certification upon graduation. You will gain hands-on experience through supervised clinical placements and a comprehensive internship, preparing you to work with diverse populations in various healthcare, educational, and community settings.
Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Arts (Music Major)
The Music Department at St. Francis Xavier University offers a vibrant community for students interested in the study, creation, and performance of music. We are dedicated to fostering an inclusive environment where students develop critical thinking, understand musical structures, and refine skills in performance and creation across various genres. Our programs blend individual instruction with academic study, covering a wide spectrum of musical styles including jazz, classical, Celtic, world music, and pop. We provide numerous opportunities for students to engage with music through ensembles, classes, private lessons, workshops, and public concerts. Our historic Gilmora Hall and the Schwartz Auditorium serve as venues for a rich array of performances by faculty, visiting artists, and students, offering unique interactions with world-renowned musicians through our visiting artists program. Whether you are a music major or a non-major interested in joining our ensembles, the Music Department welcomes you. The department offers two degree programs: the Bachelor of Music (B.Mus.) and the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) with a major in music, as well as a minor in music. We aim to equip students with the skills necessary to communicate the nuance, power, and variety of music.
Bachelor of Music, MacEwan University
The Bachelor of Music program at MacEwan University offers a comprehensive education for aspiring musicians, singers, performers, composers, arrangers, engineers, and producers. With a history spanning over 40 years, this program is distinctive in North America for integrating studies in jazz and popular music. Students can choose to specialize in one of four majors or opt for a Music Diploma after completing the first two years of the degree program. The curriculum is designed to develop both artistic skills and knowledge of the business aspects of the music industry.
Bachelor of Theological Studies
Bachelor of Theology
Bachelor of Theology
Biblical and Theological Studies BA
The Biblical and Theological Studies (BTS) program at Canadian Mennonite University (CMU) invites you to explore fundamental questions about life, faith, and purpose. This program is designed for students interested in ministry, community work, education, or simply gaining a deeper understanding of Christianity and its relevance in the contemporary world. You will delve into the Bible, theology, Christian history, and practical aspects of faith, guided by professors who are rooted in Christian conviction and foster an environment for intellectual and spiritual growth. The BTS program encourages critical thinking, meaningful dialogue, and the development of your personal voice within a complex global context.
Biblical Studies
Trinity Western University's Biblical Studies program offers students the opportunity to explore Jewish and Christian Scriptures from historical, theological, and cultural perspectives. This program aims to provide a deep understanding of how these texts have shaped past and present faith communities. Students will engage with scholarly discussions and develop skills to communicate their ideas professionally and persuasively. The program is led by a dedicated faculty of active scholars within the Department of Biblical and Theological Studies. Students are encouraged to broaden their understanding of Scripture and to critically examine current issues within the field. As students progress, they gain a comprehensive grasp of biblical texts and learn to contribute to scholarly conversations.
Black and African Diaspora Studies
The Black and African Diaspora Studies program at Dalhousie University offers a deep dive into the historical, societal, and cultural experiences of Black Canadians and people of African descent globally. This program provides a critical lens to understand the complex narratives of resilience, empowerment, oppression, and racial injustice faced by Black communities. Students will explore how race, sex, gender, class, and other identities intersect with Black experiences, fostering a global perspective on colonialism, power, and racial dynamics. Through critical race and Black feminist theories, you'll examine the concepts of Blackness and race, developing essential analytical skills.
BMus Music
Canadian Studies
The Canadian Studies program at Acadia University offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach to understanding Canadian society. You will explore Canada's social, cultural, and political trends, tracing their historical roots. This program draws from both the humanities (Art, English and Theatre, French, History) and social sciences (Economics, Politics, Sociology), equipping you with strong research, reading, and writing skills essential for contributing to Canadian society. The program emphasizes a personalized education experience within small classes, fostering close interaction with professors and fellow students. You can tailor your studies to focus on areas like Atlantic Canada, Canadian culture, or contemporary issues. Students can pursue a major in Canadian Studies alone or combine it with another discipline for a double major. An Honours program is also available, particularly recommended for those intending to pursue graduate studies in Canadian Studies.
Canadian Studies
The Canadian Studies program at Mount Saint Vincent University offers an interdisciplinary exploration of Canadian culture and society, examining its past, present, and future. You will gain a comprehensive understanding of Canada's values, politics, history, art, economics, and literature. The program encourages debate and critical thinking on diverse topics, from historical art movements to contemporary issues like First Nations Governance and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This program aims to inspire students to actively participate in shaping Canada's future.
Canadian Studies (BA)
The Canadian Studies program at Dalhousie University offers a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree focusing on understanding Canada from an interdisciplinary perspective. In today's interconnected world, comprehending Canada's identity, its place in global affairs, and its internal dynamics is increasingly important. This program provides a foundational understanding of Canadian history, politics, culture, and society. You will explore core courses and have the flexibility to choose electives from various departments across the university, allowing you to tailor your studies to your specific interests and connect them with your primary field of study. The program is offered as a Major, Minor, Double Major, or Combined Honours BA.
Catholic Studies
The Catholic Studies program at St. Francis Xavier University (StFX) offers a unique interdisciplinary approach, drawing from art, history, literary studies, religious studies, philosophy, and social sciences. It aims to provide students with a broad understanding of Catholicism's significant influence on world culture, history, and moral and spiritual life. The program explores Catholicism's contributions to the arts, sciences, society, human fulfillment, and the human condition, offering an informed perspective for anyone seeking to understand the Church's beliefs, traditions, and impact on contemporary culture.
Frequently asked questions
How much does a Bachelor's in Arts & Humanities cost in Canada?
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Fees range from free (for scholarship recipients) to approximately €43k per year; most public universities charge international undergraduates between €10k and €25k annually.
Which Canadian universities offer Arts & Humanities bachelor's programmes?
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This hub lists 27 universities including Simon Fraser University, the University of Western Ontario, Trinity Western University, Canadian Mennonite University, Mount Saint Vincent University, and St. Francis Xavier University.
Can international students study Arts & Humanities in Canada?
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Yes; Canadian universities welcome international students, and most programmes are delivered in English (or French in Quebec), with clear application pathways from abroad.
What entry requirements are typical for a Canadian Arts & Humanities bachelor's?
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Applicants generally need a recognised secondary-school certificate (equivalent to a Canadian Grade 12), proof of English or French proficiency, and any supplementary documents requested by the specific programme.
How do I apply to a Canadian Arts & Humanities bachelor's programme?
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Applications are submitted directly to each university or through provincial application hubs such as Ontario's OUAC; a Canadian study permit is required before classes begin.